Vinehealth Australia has been protecting South Australian vineyards since 1899.
Here we share Phylloxera’s Global Timeline, including important dates for Vinehealth Australia, and some images from the past 125 years.
| Phylloxera Global Timeline | ||
|---|---|---|
| Early 1860s | Phylloxera first described by Fitch | |
| 1865 | Undiagnosed and accidental entry in France | |
| Mid-1860s | Outbreak confirmed: England | |
| 1868 | Outbreak confirmed: France | |
| 1873 | Outbreak confirmed: United States | |
| 1874 | South Australia introduces the Vines Protection Act – prevented entry into SA of vine cuttings or rooted vines | |
| 1875 | Undiagnosed and accidental entry in Australia Outbreak confirmed: Geelong (Vic, vineyard subsequently removed) | |
| 1877 | Australia – first diagnosed | |
| 1878 | South Australia introduces the Prevention and Eradication of Diseases of Vines Act – added leaves | |
| Late 1870s | Outbreak confirmed: Hungary | |
| 1881 | Outbreak confirmed: Germany | |
| 1884 | Outbreak confirmed: Camden (NSW) | |
| 1885 | Outbreak confirmed: New Zealand, Algeria | |
| 1885 | South Australia introduces the Vine, Fruit and Vegetable Protection Act – preventing entry into SA of phylloxera vastatrix insect | |
| 1886 | Outbreak confirmed: South Africa | |
| 1889 | Outbreak confirmed: Rutherglen (Vic) | |
| 1891 | Outbreak confirmed: Israel | |
| 1893 | Outbreak confirmed: Bendigo (Vic) | |
| 1899 | South Australia introduces the Phylloxera Act which made provisions for registration of vineyards, imposed a quarantine area of ~40m beyond any vines where phylloxera found or suspected to be, set levies for grapegrowers, winemakers and distillers, compensated for plantings removed in eradication programs, named 6 districts with one grower from each appointed to the Board plus 2, prohibited replanting to vines for 10 years on phylloxerated land except with the sanction of the Board and described a vine as living or dead | |
| 1901 | Outbreak confirmed: Goulburn Valley (Vic) | |
| 1908 | Outbreak confirmed: Albury (NSW) | |
| 1910 | Outbreak confirmed: Enoggera (Qld, vineyard subsequently removed) | |
| 1911 | South Australian Phylloxera Act amendment: Required the vineyard roll to be published | |
| 1922 | Outbreak confirmed: Cowra (NSW) | |
| 1922 | South Australian Phylloxera Act amendment: Granted power to the Board to establish nurseries in Australia but outside SA to propagate resistant vines but ensuring reserves of £18,000 maintained to cope with any outbreak | |
| 1930 | South Australian Phylloxera Act amendment: Allowed the Board to sell nurseries | |
| 1932 | Outbreak confirmed: Myrtletown (Qld, vineyard subsequently removed) | |
| 1933 | South Australian Phylloxera Act amendment: Allowed the Board to establish nurseries in SA following a phylloxera incursion and ‘in the opinion of the Board’ was impossible to eradicate | |
| 1936 | South Australian Phylloxera Act amendment: Reimbursed Board for travel expenses | |
| 1937 | South Australian Phylloxera Act amendment: Introduced fees for Board Members | |
| 1948 | South Australian Phylloxera Act amendment: Enabled the Board to use the Fund to conduct research into phylloxera ‘and problems connected with phylloxera’ | |
| 1963 | South Australian Phylloxera Act amendment: Allowed import of vine cuttings through specified quarantine channels, without confining the choice to phylloxera-resistant vines (allowed first new varieties into SA since 1901) | |
| 1967 | Outbreak confirmed: Banyo (Qld, vineyard subsequently removed) | |
| 1969 | South Australian Phylloxera Act amendment: Allowed the Board to collect industry money to subsidise evaluation and creation of virus-free stock for SA | |
| 1987 | Outbreak confirmed: Northwood (Vic) | |
| 1991 | Outbreak confirmed: Whitlands (Vic) | |
| 1995 | Outbreak confirmed: King Valley (Vic) | |
| 1995 | South Australian Phylloxera Act amendment: Changed definition of disease as any bacterium, fungus, mite or other arthropod, protozoan, virus or other organism or pathogen, or any other condition that may affect vines; repealed compensation for vineyard removal; and named the Board ‘the Phylloxera and Grape Industry Board of South Australia’ | |
| 2000 | Outbreak confirmed: Upton (Vic) | |
| 2003/4 | Outbreak confirmed: Buckland (Vic)/Eurobin (Vic) | |
| 2006 | Outbreak confirmed: Maroondah (Vic), Murchison (Vic) | |
| 2008 | Outbreak confirmed: Whitebridge (Vic) | |
| 2009 | National Phylloxera Management Protocol released (Australia) | |
| 2010 | Outbreak confirmed: Mansfield (Vic) | |
| 2015 | Phylloxera and Grape Industry Board of South Australia trading name changed to Vinehealth Australia | |
